Semen Analysis (Spermiogram)
A semen analysis (also known as a spermiogram) is the foundational diagnostic tool used to assess male reproductive health and reproductive potential. It is universally recommended as an initial evaluation when couples encounter difficulty conceiving naturally, helping specialists pinpoint male-factor subfertility and tailor personalized treatment pathways.
Primary Parameters Evaluated
In accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) international guidelines, the analysis evaluates several quantitative and qualitative indicators:
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Sperm Count & Concentration: Total number of spermatozoa present in the ejaculate, as well as the concentration per milliliter (ml).
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Sperm Motility: The percentage and velocity of progressively moving sperm capable of traveling through the female reproductive tract toward the oocyte.
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Sperm Morphology: The structural and morphological assessment of sperm heads, midpieces, and tails (utilizing strict Kruger criteria). Normal morphology is essential for binding and penetrating the egg.
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Semen Volume & Fluid Dynamics: Total volume of the ejaculate, pH balance, liquefaction time, and sample viscosity.
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Vitality & Leukocyte Presence: The proportion of viable (living) sperm and the screening for inflammatory white blood cells indicating potential infection.
Preparation and Sample Collection
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Abstinence Period: Accurate diagnostic assessment requires sexual abstinence for a minimum of 2 days and a maximum of 7 days (optimally 3 to 4 days) prior to testing.
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Collection: The sample is produced via masturbation directly into a sterile collection container provided by the fertility clinic or laboratory. No lubricants, saliva, or condoms containing spermicides should be used.
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Timely Laboratory Processing: Because sperm quality and motility deteriorate rapidly when exposed to ambient conditions, processing must begin within 30 to 60 minutes under controlled thermal conditions.
Because sperm parameters can fluctuate naturally due to stress, recent febrile illness, or environmental exposures, a repeat analysis 2–3 weeks later may be advised to confirm clinical findings.